سَفه وبلادات ثروة البترول العربية
د. علي محمد فخرو
ما يفعله أغنياء البترول العرب بثروة البترول من بطر وتبذير في بذخ أسطوري مبتذل لم يعد مقبولاً لا بمقاييس الأخلاق ولا الذوق الرفيع ولا أحكام الــــدين. وهي أفعال تتساوى في مساوئها وسقوطها في سلُّم القيم الإنسانية على مستوى الأفراد والمسؤولين في مؤسسات الحكم المختلفة.
على مستوى الأفراد لا يحتاج المراقب لأكثر من التجوال في شوارع لندن التجارية ومناطق سكنها الفاحشة الأثمان ليرى العجب العجاب. فأن يسوق شباب خليجيون سيارات فارهة مطلية بالذهب وتصل أسعار بعضها إلى أكثر من مليون جنيه إسترليني، أو أن يفاخر أحدهم بأنه اشترى رقم سيارته في مزاد علني في بلاده بتسعة ملايين جنيه، أو أن يتبختر أحدهم بأنه نقل سيارته الأعجوبة من بلاده إلى لندن بواسطة طائرته الخاصة، أو أن يزور أحدهم متجر مجوهرات فلا يخرج منه إلاُ وقد صرف عشرين مليون جنيه، أو أن يدفع بعضهم مئة مليون جنيه لشراء شقًّة فاخرة تطلُّ على منتزه هايد بارك، فأن يحدث كل ذلك من قبل أناس لم يمارسوا قط الإنتاج أو الإبداع أو العمل المضني فانه بطر مجنون لا بد من طرح ألف سؤال وسؤال بشأنه كظاهرة فرضيُّة تثير الغثيان ولا بد أيضاً من مساءلة المجتمعات والأنظمة السياسية التي فرًّخت تلك الظاهرة العبثيًّة.
على مستوى الحكومات تعبت الأقلام وجفًّ حبرها وهي تكتب عن عبثية الصًّرف على شراء أسلحة لا تستعمل، على إعلام يهبط بأذواق الناس ويكذب عليهم ويقودهم إلى جحيم الصٍّراعات المذهبية والقبلية والعرقية، على قصور ويخوت وطائرات خاصة عزًّ نظيرها في قصص ألف ليلة وليلة، على اقتصاد ريعي لا يبني تنمية إنتاجية - معرفية مستدامة وإنٌّما يلعب بالمال البترولي في ساحات القمار والمضاربات العقارية والأسهمية، ومن ثمًّ تذرف الحكومات الدًّمع على تراجع خدماتها الأساسية الإنسانية في حقول الصحة والتعليم والرعاية الاجتماعية للأطفال والمسنٍّين والعجزة والمهمُّشين والفقراء، وماذا تفيد دموع التماسيح وعجز الإرادة.
لكن دعنا نورد لهؤلاء وأولئك ماحدث لدولة الأرجنتين، دولة السًّمن والعسل في القرن التاسع عشر فلعلُّنا نأخذ العبر قبل فوات الأوان. يذكر الكاتب الإنكليزي ألن بيتي في كتابه ' الاقتصاد الكاذب ' الذي يراجع تاريخ الاقتصاد في العالم، بأن الاقتصاد الأرجنتيني كان مشابهاً إلى حد كبير وواعداً بنفس المستوى للاقتصاد الامريكي. لقد كان كلاهما بلداً زراعياً وغنياً. لكن مع مرور الوقت استعمل الامريكيون فائض ثروتهم الزراعية الهائلة لبناء اقتصاد صناعي من خلال استيرادهم للفكر الصناعي الأوروبي. أما الأرجنتين فإنها استعملت فوائض ثروتها الزراعية الكبيرة لاستيراد بضائع البذخ والرفاهية من أوروبا ولصرف جزء كبير من تلك الثروة على حياة البذخ والابتذال التي عاشتها الأقلية الفائقة الغنى الأرجنتينية في مدن أوروبا. ونتيجة لذلك الفرق الهائل في الفهم والفعل بين البلدين انتهت أمريكا بالتقدم الزراعي والصناعي والتكنولوجي الهائل الذي نراه أمامنا، بينما انتهت الأرجنتين بإعلان إفلاسها المدوي منذ عشر سنوات وهبوطها من عاشر اقتصاد في العالم في الخمسينات من القرن الماضي إلى البؤس الذي تعيشه الآن كدولة من العالم الثالث الذي يكافح ويتعثًّر في نموه.
الأغنياء في الأرجنتين الذين ملكوا ثروة بلادهم الأساسية، ولكنهم ببلادة وطيش أضاعوها عبر العصور، يشبهون إلى أبعد الحدود أغنياء البترول في بلداننا، من الذين يتحكمون في ثروة هائلة وناضبة، ويمارسون نفس السًّفه: إنهم يكتفون باستيراد البذخ وعيش البذخ ويرفضون تنمية العلم والتكنولوجيا والإنسان واستيراد الأفكار العظيمة القادرة إلى الدفع إلى الأمام. إنهم سيدفعون بلداننا، عاجلاً وآجلاً، نحو نفس المصير الأرجنتيني: إضاعة فرصة تاريخية قد لا تعود وانحدار تدريجي نحو الإفلاس الاقتصادي والسياسي والاجتماعي.
عبر قرنين من الزمن عرفت عواصم الغرب سفهاً أرجنتينيا أضاع البلاد وأفقر العباد، وذلك من قبل أقليًّة معتوهة جاهلة. اليوم تجوًّل في عواصم الغرب لترى أقلية عربية معتوهة جاهلة تفعل الأمر نفسه وتقود نحو إضاعة البلاد وإفقار العباد.
Friday, October 29, 2010
Tuesday, October 19, 2010
INDONESIA: Female genital mutilation persists despite ban
INDONESIA: Female genital mutilation persists despite ban
JAKARTA, 2 September 2010 (IRIN) - Though the Indonesian government banned female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) four years ago, experts say religious support for the practice is more fervent than ever, particularly in rural communities.
A lack of regulation since the ban makes it difficult to monitor, but medical practitioners say FGM/C remains commonplace for women of all ages in this emerging democracy of 240 million - the world�s largest Muslim nation.
Although not authorized by the Koran, the practice is growing in popularity.
With increased urging of religious leaders, baby girls are now losing the top or part of their clitoris in the name of faith, sometimes in unsanitary rooms with tools as crude as scissors.
�We fear if [FGM/C] gets more outspoken support from religious leaders it will increase even more. We found in our latest research that not only female babies are being circumcised, but also older women ask for it,� said Artha Budi Susila Duarsa, a university researcher at Yarsi University in Jakarta.
While the procedure in Indonesia is not as severe as in parts of Africa and involves cutting less flesh, it still poses a serious health concern.
�Even a small wound on the genitals can lead to sexual, physiological and physical problems,� Duarsa said.
Indonesia forbade health officials from the practice in 2006 because they considered it a �useless� practice that �could potentially harm women's health�.
However, the ban was quickly opposed by the Indonesian Ulema Council, the highest Islamic advisory body in Indonesia.
In March this year, the Nahdlatul Ulama (NU), the country's largest Muslim organization, issued an edict supporting FGM/C, though a leading cleric told the NU�s estimated 40 million followers �not to cut too much�.
�It is against human rights,� said Maria Ulfah Anshor, a women�s rights activist and former chair of the women�s wing of the NU. �For women there is absolutely no benefit and advantage.�
Changing perceptions
FGM/C traditionally existed as a sign of chastity; a symbolic practice performed by shamans, or local healers, who used crude methods such as rubbing and scraping.
With shamans largely falling out of favour, the religious are turning to midwives who rely more on cutting instead.
�Midwives don�t know what they are doing. They were never taught the practice at school, so they do the same with girls as with boys: they cut,� Anshor said.
During the 32-year Suharto dictatorship, outspoken religious expression was discouraged, but since his fall in 1998, people started looking for their religious identity, with stricter interpretations of Islam being adopted by scores of municipalities.
More Indonesian Muslim women wear a headscarf now, claiming it is more accepted than it was 15 years ago.
Forbidden, but unregulated
The 2006 ban prohibited FGM/C, but in practice there is no oversight.
Photo: Ester de Jong/IRIN
Despite the 2006 ban, many mothers opt for the practice
Yarsi University researchers found that in spite of the ban, the practice continues unabated in hospitals and health centres.
A midwife at a state hospital in Jakarta told IRIN on condition of anonymity that she cuts newborn girls: �When mothers ask me to do it, I tell them about the upsides and downsides of circumcision,� she said.
But when asked to explain the benefits, she declined further comment.
According to Yarsi University�s research, most incidents happen in secret, sometimes unhygienic, back-street operating rooms - creating a big risk of infection.
�If there are problems, it is because the practice is not done in a sterile way,� Duarsa said.
An official standard?
The demand for FGM/C makes it hard to control the practice, said Minister of Women�s Empowerment Linda Amalia Sari Gumelar.
�That�s why we encourage female circumcision to be medicalized and practiced by trained health personnel to avoid further harm.�
Gumelar is working with the Ministry of Health to make an unsafe practice safer, even though it is outlawed and has been condemned by a large number of treaties and conventions, and ratified by most governments of countries where FGM/C is present.
The development dismays women�s rights fighter Anshor.
�I would advise not to circumcise your daughters at all,� Anshor said. �If women are circumcised, people believe they become more beautiful and not as wild and will make men more excited in bed. For women themselves, they don�t get any excitement at all.
It is hard to tell what impact, if any, government action will have on people like grandmother Dede Jafar, who had never heard of the ban but does not like it.
�That is so sad because Muslims have to be clean,� she said, sitting outside her home with her 10-month-old granddaughter who was cut eight months ago. Jafar noted that every woman in her family has undergone the procedure.
"Even if it is forbidden, we still have to find someone to do it. It is obligatory. We should always try to find someone to do it for us, because we have to.
JAKARTA, 2 September 2010 (IRIN) - Though the Indonesian government banned female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) four years ago, experts say religious support for the practice is more fervent than ever, particularly in rural communities.
A lack of regulation since the ban makes it difficult to monitor, but medical practitioners say FGM/C remains commonplace for women of all ages in this emerging democracy of 240 million - the world�s largest Muslim nation.
Although not authorized by the Koran, the practice is growing in popularity.
With increased urging of religious leaders, baby girls are now losing the top or part of their clitoris in the name of faith, sometimes in unsanitary rooms with tools as crude as scissors.
�We fear if [FGM/C] gets more outspoken support from religious leaders it will increase even more. We found in our latest research that not only female babies are being circumcised, but also older women ask for it,� said Artha Budi Susila Duarsa, a university researcher at Yarsi University in Jakarta.
While the procedure in Indonesia is not as severe as in parts of Africa and involves cutting less flesh, it still poses a serious health concern.
�Even a small wound on the genitals can lead to sexual, physiological and physical problems,� Duarsa said.
Indonesia forbade health officials from the practice in 2006 because they considered it a �useless� practice that �could potentially harm women's health�.
However, the ban was quickly opposed by the Indonesian Ulema Council, the highest Islamic advisory body in Indonesia.
In March this year, the Nahdlatul Ulama (NU), the country's largest Muslim organization, issued an edict supporting FGM/C, though a leading cleric told the NU�s estimated 40 million followers �not to cut too much�.
�It is against human rights,� said Maria Ulfah Anshor, a women�s rights activist and former chair of the women�s wing of the NU. �For women there is absolutely no benefit and advantage.�
Changing perceptions
FGM/C traditionally existed as a sign of chastity; a symbolic practice performed by shamans, or local healers, who used crude methods such as rubbing and scraping.
With shamans largely falling out of favour, the religious are turning to midwives who rely more on cutting instead.
�Midwives don�t know what they are doing. They were never taught the practice at school, so they do the same with girls as with boys: they cut,� Anshor said.
During the 32-year Suharto dictatorship, outspoken religious expression was discouraged, but since his fall in 1998, people started looking for their religious identity, with stricter interpretations of Islam being adopted by scores of municipalities.
More Indonesian Muslim women wear a headscarf now, claiming it is more accepted than it was 15 years ago.
Forbidden, but unregulated
The 2006 ban prohibited FGM/C, but in practice there is no oversight.
Photo: Ester de Jong/IRIN
Despite the 2006 ban, many mothers opt for the practice
Yarsi University researchers found that in spite of the ban, the practice continues unabated in hospitals and health centres.
A midwife at a state hospital in Jakarta told IRIN on condition of anonymity that she cuts newborn girls: �When mothers ask me to do it, I tell them about the upsides and downsides of circumcision,� she said.
But when asked to explain the benefits, she declined further comment.
According to Yarsi University�s research, most incidents happen in secret, sometimes unhygienic, back-street operating rooms - creating a big risk of infection.
�If there are problems, it is because the practice is not done in a sterile way,� Duarsa said.
An official standard?
The demand for FGM/C makes it hard to control the practice, said Minister of Women�s Empowerment Linda Amalia Sari Gumelar.
�That�s why we encourage female circumcision to be medicalized and practiced by trained health personnel to avoid further harm.�
Gumelar is working with the Ministry of Health to make an unsafe practice safer, even though it is outlawed and has been condemned by a large number of treaties and conventions, and ratified by most governments of countries where FGM/C is present.
The development dismays women�s rights fighter Anshor.
�I would advise not to circumcise your daughters at all,� Anshor said. �If women are circumcised, people believe they become more beautiful and not as wild and will make men more excited in bed. For women themselves, they don�t get any excitement at all.
It is hard to tell what impact, if any, government action will have on people like grandmother Dede Jafar, who had never heard of the ban but does not like it.
�That is so sad because Muslims have to be clean,� she said, sitting outside her home with her 10-month-old granddaughter who was cut eight months ago. Jafar noted that every woman in her family has undergone the procedure.
"Even if it is forbidden, we still have to find someone to do it. It is obligatory. We should always try to find someone to do it for us, because we have to.
Mary Robinson Award for Young Womens Leadership in Human Rights
Mary Robinson Award for Young Women's Leadership in Human Rights
If you are a young woman, under the age of 30 or know a potential candidate involved in Human Rights work - Please nominate yourself for the Mary Robinson Award for Young Women's Leadership in Human Rights.The deadline for submission of the reviewed nomination is October 31, 2010. Download the Nomination form at http://www.worldywcacouncil.org/Mary-Robinson-Award or find attached. Email the completed nomination form to maryrobinsonaward@worldywca.org The World YWCA established the Mary Robinson Award for Young Women's Leadership in Human Rights to recognise young women leaders and human rights activists. The first recipients of the award will be honoured and celebrated during the International Women's Summit in Zurich, Switzerland from July 12 - 13, 2011.The award recognises:1. A young YWCA human rights activist2. A young woman human rights activist from the broader community of partners working on human rights3. A member association that demonstrates exemplary support and promotion of young women's leadership in the field of human rights.Mary Robinson is a renowned human rights activist and a trailblazer for women's rights and leadership, was the first woman President of Ireland (1990-1997) and former United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (1997-2002). She has spent most of her life as a human rights advocate. As an academic (Trinity College Law Faculty 1968-90), legislator (Senator 1969-89) and barrister (1967-90, Senior Counsel 1980, English Bar 1973) she has always sought to use law as an instrument for social change, arguing landmark cases before the European Court of Human Rights, the Irish courts and the European Court in Luxemburg. Mary Robinson served as Chair for the Council of Women World Leaders and is presently leading Realising Rights: the Ethical Globalisation Initiative.
If you are a young woman, under the age of 30 or know a potential candidate involved in Human Rights work - Please nominate yourself for the Mary Robinson Award for Young Women's Leadership in Human Rights.The deadline for submission of the reviewed nomination is October 31, 2010. Download the Nomination form at http://www.worldywcacouncil.org/Mary-Robinson-Award or find attached. Email the completed nomination form to maryrobinsonaward@worldywca.org The World YWCA established the Mary Robinson Award for Young Women's Leadership in Human Rights to recognise young women leaders and human rights activists. The first recipients of the award will be honoured and celebrated during the International Women's Summit in Zurich, Switzerland from July 12 - 13, 2011.The award recognises:1. A young YWCA human rights activist2. A young woman human rights activist from the broader community of partners working on human rights3. A member association that demonstrates exemplary support and promotion of young women's leadership in the field of human rights.Mary Robinson is a renowned human rights activist and a trailblazer for women's rights and leadership, was the first woman President of Ireland (1990-1997) and former United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (1997-2002). She has spent most of her life as a human rights advocate. As an academic (Trinity College Law Faculty 1968-90), legislator (Senator 1969-89) and barrister (1967-90, Senior Counsel 1980, English Bar 1973) she has always sought to use law as an instrument for social change, arguing landmark cases before the European Court of Human Rights, the Irish courts and the European Court in Luxemburg. Mary Robinson served as Chair for the Council of Women World Leaders and is presently leading Realising Rights: the Ethical Globalisation Initiative.
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